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Kata Biblon
Wiki Lexicon of the Greek New Testament
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Lemma
:
τέσσαρες
Interlinear
CATSS LXX
World English Bible / Wiki English Translation
Lv 11:20
καὶ
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Conjunction
καί
και
indecl
and also, even, namely
πάντα
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Quantifier (Indefinite Numeral)
πᾶ[ντ]ς πᾶσα πᾶν[τ],
gen. sg.
παντός πάσης παντός
παντ·α
neu nom|acc|voc pl or mas acc sg
each, every properly, each within some set, the set, implicitly defined by the local (sometimes following) context. Frequently (misleadingly) rendered by inclusive pronouns like "everyone" or "everything".
τὰ
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Article (Definite)
ὁ ἡ τό
τ·α
neu nom|acc pl
the Χριστὸς
ἑρπετὰ
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Noun (Neu. 2nd Decl.)
ἑρπετόν, -οῦ, τό
ερπετ·α
(neu) nom|acc|voc pl
creeping or crawling thing [incl. invertebrates (both winged and non-winged) and small vertebrates (both mammals and reptiles); see herptile]
τῶν
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Article (Definite)
ὁ ἡ τό
τ·ων
neu gen pl or mas gen pl or fem gen pl
the Χριστὸς
πετεινῶν
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Noun (Neu. 2nd Decl.)
πετεινόν, -οῦ, τό
πετειν·ων
(neu) gen pl
winged or flying thing [able to fly; incl. birds, bats, and winged insects per Lv. 11]
ἃ
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Pronoun (Relative)
ὅς ἥ ὅ
α
neu nom|acc pl
who/whom/which
πορεύεται
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Verb
πορεύω (πορευ-, πορευ·σ-, πορευ·σ-, -, πεπορευ-, πορευ·θ-)
πορευ·εται
pres mp ind 3rd sg
to go go/depart/proceed/travel
ἐπὶ
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Preposition
ἐπί
επι
indecl
upon/over (+acc,+gen,+dat)
ἐπ’
before smooth breathing,
ἐφ’
before rough breathing
τέσσαρα
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Quantifier (Cardinal Numeral)
τέσσαρες -α,
dat. pl.
τέσσαρσιν
τεσσαρ·α
neu nom|acc pl
four
βδελύγματά
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Noun (Neu. 3rd Decl.)
βδέλυγμα[τ], -ατος, τό
βδελυγματ·α
(neu) nom|acc|voc pl
abomination ( from "bdēō", "to reek with stench"), hence something detestable.
ἐστιν
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Verb
εἰμί[1] (
ath.
(εσ)-/(εσ)-, εσ·[σ]-, -, -, -, -)
(εσ)·^σι(ν)
pres act ind 3rd sg
to be
ὑμῖν
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Pronoun (2nd Person)
σύ, σοῦ (σου), σοί (σοι), σέ (σε), pl. ὑμεῖς, ὑμῶν, ὑμῖν, ὑμᾶς
υμιν
dat pl
you
Lv 11:20
¶
“‘
A
nd a
ll
flying
winged
[a]
insects
[b]
that walk on
all
four
s
(feet)
[c]
are
an
abomination
s
to you.
[d]
———
a
Gk.
πετεινόν
, winged. (Swarming?)
b
Gk.
ἐρπετόν
. "Winged" narrows
ἐρπετόν
down to insects.
Ἐρπετόν
includes invertebrates (both winged and non-winged) and small, "crawling" vertebrates [but not bats by virtue of being grouped separately, along with birds, in 11:19]. The only winged invertebrates are insects.
c
There are no four-footed invertebrates; the only winged invertebrates are insects, which have six legs. The insects being identified here as walking on four feet are additionally identifed with an another two legs for leaping in the next verse, i.e., six legs total. Winged insects that walk on four feet include locusts, which jump with their hind legs and walk on their mid- and forelegs, and mantises and Nymphalidae butterflies, which conversely walk on their mid- and hind legs, not their forelegs.
d
Dt. 14:19 provides the general prohibition against eating winged insects:
All winged animals that creep are unclean to you; ye shall not eat of them
[Brenton]. Key to not misconstruing "walking on four feet" with
having
only four feet, is that this verse does not stand alone, separate from 11:21 and 11:22. This verse should not be read as expressly prohibiting only winged insects that walk on four feet, and by omission no others; all invertebrates are prohibited, regardless of wings and legs. This section is defining an exception for four types of locusts: within the general prohibition against all invertebrates, there is a subset of winged, six-legged insects that walk on four feet [which incl. mantises and Nymphalidae butterflies], which is still prohibited as a whole; but within this subset is another subset that have an additional pair of legs for leaping [which excl. mantises and Nymphalidae butterflies]; within this subset are four types of locusts that are permitted.
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Copyright 2007-2024 Thomas Moore, Email: acct3 at katabiblon.com,
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