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Wiki Lexicon of the Greek New Testament

Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω

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 CATSS LXX World English Bible‎ / Wiki English TranslationLv 11:20καὶ [lexicon][inflect][close]
Conjunction

καί
και
indecl
and also, even, namely
πάντα [lexicon][inflect][close]
Quantifier (Indefinite Numeral)

πᾶ[ντ]ς πᾶσα πᾶν[τ], gen. sg. παντός πάσης παντός
παντ·α
neu nom|acc|voc pl or mas acc sg
each, every properly, each within some set, the set, implicitly defined by the local (sometimes following) context. Frequently (misleadingly) rendered by inclusive pronouns like "everyone" or "everything".
τὰ [lexicon][inflect][close]
Article (Definite)

ὁ ἡ τό
τ·α
neu nom|acc pl
the Χριστὸς
ἑρπετὰ [lexicon][inflect][close]
Noun (Neu. 2nd Decl.)

ἑρπετόν, -οῦ, τό
ερπετ·α
(neu) nom|acc|voc pl
creeping or crawling thing [incl. invertebrates (both winged and non-winged) and small vertebrates (both mammals and reptiles); see herptile]
τῶν [lexicon][inflect][close]
Article (Definite)

ὁ ἡ τό
τ·ων
neu gen pl or mas gen pl or fem gen pl
the Χριστὸς
πετεινῶν [lexicon][inflect][close]
Noun (Neu. 2nd Decl.)

πετεινόν, -οῦ, τό
πετειν·ων
(neu) gen pl
winged or flying thing [able to fly; incl. birds, bats, and winged insects per Lv. 11]
[lexicon][inflect][close]
Pronoun (Relative)

ὅς ἥ ὅ
α
neu nom|acc pl
who/whom/which
πορεύεται [lexicon][inflect][close]
Verb

πορεύω (πορευ-, πορευ·σ-, πορευ·σ-, -, πεπορευ-, πορευ·θ-)
πορευ·εται
pres mp ind 3rd sg
to go go/depart/proceed/travel
ἐπὶ [lexicon][inflect][close]
Preposition

ἐπί
επι
indecl
upon/over (+acc,+gen,+dat) ἐπ’ before smooth breathing, ἐφ’ before rough breathing
τέσσαρα [lexicon][inflect][close]
Quantifier (Cardinal Numeral)

τέσσαρες -α, dat. pl. τέσσαρσιν
τεσσαρ·α
neu nom|acc pl
four
βδελύγματά [lexicon][inflect][close]
Noun (Neu. 3rd Decl.)

βδέλυγμα[τ], -ατος, τό
βδελυγματ·α
(neu) nom|acc|voc pl
abomination ( from "bdēō", "to reek with stench"), hence something detestable.
ἐστιν [lexicon][inflect][close]
Verb

εἰμί[1] (ath. (εσ)-/(εσ)-, εσ·[σ]-, -, -, -, -)
(εσ)·^σι(ν)
pres act ind 3rd sg
to be
ὑμῖν [lexicon][inflect][close]
Pronoun (2nd Person)

σύ, σοῦ (σου), σοί (σοι), σέ (σε), pl. ὑμεῖς, ὑμῶν, ὑμῖν, ὑμᾶς
υμιν
dat pl
you
Lv 11:20
“‘And all flying winged[a] insects[b] that walk on all fours (feet)[c] are an abominations to you.[d]
———
a Gk. πετεινόν, winged. (Swarming?)
b Gk. ἐρπετόν. "Winged" narrows ἐρπετόν down to insects. Ἐρπετόν includes invertebrates (both winged and non-winged) and small, "crawling" vertebrates [but not bats by virtue of being grouped separately, along with birds, in 11:19]. The only winged invertebrates are insects.
c There are no four-footed invertebrates; the only winged invertebrates are insects, which have six legs. The insects being identified here as walking on four feet are additionally identifed with an another two legs for leaping in the next verse, i.e., six legs total. Winged insects that walk on four feet include locusts, which jump with their hind legs and walk on their mid- and forelegs, and mantises and Nymphalidae butterflies, which conversely walk on their mid- and hind legs, not their forelegs.
d Dt. 14:19 provides the general prohibition against eating winged insects: All winged animals that creep are unclean to you; ye shall not eat of them [Brenton]. Key to not misconstruing "walking on four feet" with having only four feet, is that this verse does not stand alone, separate from 11:21 and 11:22. This verse should not be read as expressly prohibiting only winged insects that walk on four feet, and by omission no others; all invertebrates are prohibited, regardless of wings and legs. This section is defining an exception for four types of locusts: within the general prohibition against all invertebrates, there is a subset of winged, six-legged insects that walk on four feet [which incl. mantises and Nymphalidae butterflies], which is still prohibited as a whole; but within this subset is another subset that have an additional pair of legs for leaping [which excl. mantises and Nymphalidae butterflies]; within this subset are four types of locusts that are permitted.
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